Cystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, medications, remedies for cystitis

Among the many urological diseases, cystitis in women is the most common pathology.The etymology is due to damage to the upper mucous layer of the internal walls of the bladder by the inflammatory process.Sometimes the submucosal and muscular layer is involved in the damage process, causing changes in the tissue structure of the organ and disruption of its functions.

Women are much more likely to suffer from cystitis (up to 80% of all patients).This is due to the peculiarity of the female anatomical structure of the urethral canal.It is wider and shorter than the male urethra, which does not pose a problem for infectious agents.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself in acute or chronic form, with various symptoms and signs.

Causes of cystitis

Cystitis itself belongs to the classification of infectious diseases.Its genesis is associated with bacterial carriers: coliform bacteria (in 70%), spherical staphylococci and other bacteria.The main role in the occurrence of cystitis in women is attributed to the spread of infection from possible lesions in the body:

• In the underlying organs (various forms of vulvovaginitis);
• Descending pathway with outflow of urine from foci of inflammation in the kidneys and upper parts of the ureter;
• Hematogenously by favoring the pathogen (through the blood circulation).

Often, acute cystitis in women develops as a result of structural underdevelopment of the urinary system or oncological neoplasms, which create an obstacle to the normal process of urine production, contribute to its acute retention in the urinary system and the development of infection.

The development of pathology is influenced by various factors that contribute to a decrease in the overall resistance (resistance) of the immune system:

• History of acute and chronic infectious diseases (previously suffered) - inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes or ovaries, acute or purulent pyelonephritis, inflammation of the urethra;
• Hypothermia and prolonged sedentary work;
• Conditions and diseases that reduce immune protection (pregnancy and diabetes);
• Chronic foci of infection - sore throat, rhinitis or caries;
• Immunosuppressive medications, stress and nervous system instability;
• Back injuries;
• Early sexual relations;
• Neglect of hygiene;
• Age factor.

Forms of cystitis and features of manifestation

Cystitis in women can manifest itself in various forms, due to morphological changes in the wall of the bladder cavity.

• Catarrhal pathology is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous layer of the organ membrane, caused by the action of the inflammatory process.
• In the hemorrhagic form, areas of hemorrhagic lesions appear on the mucous membrane.There is an increase in red blood cells and gross hematuria (dark or red urine).
• In the necrotic (ulcerative) form, deep depressions in the form of furrows are noted, which penetrate into the muscular tissue of the membrane.
• The follicular form of the disease is characterized by tuberosity of the mucous layer, caused by the formation of follicular tubercles under the mucous membrane, which do not change the surface of the cavity itself.
• Fibrous appearance - the surface of the mucous layer is covered with a purulent or fibrinous film of whitish or purple color.The walls of the bladder become inflamed, the upper wall of the cavity becomes denser and wrinkles.
• Bullous cystitis is manifested by prolonged excessive redness and significant accumulation of infiltrate (swelling) of the upper layer of the inner wall of the bladder.
• The polypous manifestation is characterized by a long-term inflammatory process that causes the development of polyps on the mucous layer and in the cervical region of the organ.
• In cystic pathology, under the mucous layer of the bladder, single or group cystic neoplasms are formed, filled with lymphatic tissue and surrounded by a modified epithelium.
• The encrusting type of pathology is characterized by a long course.A characteristic symptom is the formation of phosphate deposits (encrustations) on the walls of the bladder cavity, which subsequently contribute to the formation of stones.The transformation of carbamide (urea) into alkali is due to the fault of bacterial microorganisms capable of metabolism.

Signs and symptoms of cystitis in women

Sharp symptoms of cystitis and pronounced signs of the disease in women are observed in acute cases, accompanied by general intoxication (malaise, weakness, chills, vomiting or nausea, slight rise in temperature).

When the disease, after remission (apparent cure), reappears periodically (more than twice a year), it enters the chronic phase.Symptoms of chronic cystitis in women may be less pronounced.

Inflammatory processes alternate with the stage of remission and the acute clinical course.Cystitis in remission has no external signs or symptoms.When the disease worsens, many characteristic symptoms appear:

1. Increased need to urinate (every 20 minutes);
2. Pain, burning, and tingling along the urethral tract when urinating;
3. Pain in the suprapubic region (may be an independent symptom or accompany the release of urine);
4. Unpleasant smell and cloudiness of urine, formation of flakes, purulent or blood clots;
5. Sensation of residual urine in urine bag;
6. Pain in the lumbar and kidney region;
7. Enuresis (urinary incontinence) may develop.

Chronic cystitis in womenpresents various signs of the clinical course of the disease.

• The latent course is stable, with rare or frequent exacerbation processes.Symptoms are “cleared” or completely absent.
• The persistent type manifests itself with symptoms characteristic of chronic pathology.In this case, the functions of the urinal are not impaired.Alternation of remission and exacerbation, signs of bleeding inside the organ are possible.
• The interstitial course is characterized by stable painful signs of manifestation with significantly pronounced symptoms.There is a spread of inflammation deep into the tissues, a disorder of reservoir function (enuresis).This is the most serious type of illness.

With timely treatment, the disease can be treated quickly, otherwise complications cannot be avoided.

Possibility of complications

Lack of treatment or incorrectly chosen therapy leads to relapses and complications of the disease:

1. The transition of inflammatory processes in the muscular structure of the bladder wall - the development of an interstitial type of pathology.
2. Ascending spread of infection, affecting the overlying organs of the urinary system, which contributes to the formation of associated background pathologies - damage to the renal pelvis, purulent inflammation of the kidneys, etc.
3. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder (not excluded) with subsequent formation of peritonitis.

Cystitis: which doctor should a woman contact?

If signs of the disease appear, you should consult a urologist to confirm the diagnosis.It is this doctor who solves urological problems.

To exclude the consequences of STDs, you need to consult a gynecologist.You may need a smear of vaginal flora, which will help identify the disease and determine its stage of development.

Diagnosis - identify the disease

To identify the disease, different types of diagnostic examinations are used, from express diagnostics to conventional examination methods, including:

• examination of blood and urine parameters;
• identification of hidden inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
• diagnosis of infectious diseases by PCR analysis;
• seeding in tanks for flora - detection of UPM (bacteria);
• identification of underlying diseases - ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• analysis of vaginal dysbiosis;
• biopsy;
• endoscopic examination of the internal cavity of the bladder (cystoscopy).

How to treat cystitis in women?- drugs and medicines

How quickly cystitis in women can be cured depends on a correctly developed treatment protocol.Treatment tactics include various therapeutic techniques.

Drug treatment involves the prescription of appropriate antibiotics for chronic cystitis in women to suppress concomitant infections - a class of cephalosporins and a combination of protected penicillins.

They are prescribed immediately, without waiting for the identification of the pathogen, with subsequent adjustment of medications.

The main treatment is taking tablets.When treating cystitis in women, tablets are prescribed to relieve symptoms.These include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, antispasmodics and uroseptics based on nitrofurans and sulfonamides.As additional treatment, natural antispasmodics and uroseptics (herbs, herbs, etc.) can be prescribed.

Specific medications are prescribed purely individually.Since many of them have a number of contraindications and restrictions on their use.The treatment will be complete if you follow a gentle diet and a balanced diet, because diet plays an important role.

• you need to drink more liquid (still water, fruit juice);
• more foods containing vitamin C;
• exclude from the diet smoked meats, spices, fried foods, dishes rich in potassium (dishes from cottage cheese, cheese and milk);
• Alcohol is not allowed.

Measures to prevent cystitis

To avoid relapses of the disease, you must strictly adhere to your doctor's recommendations.Basic rules:

• avoid hypothermia and prolonged sitting;
• consume up to 1.5 liters.liquids per day;
• avoid stagnation of urine (not bear the urge);
• during intimacy, use protective methods;
• do not neglect personal hygiene (especially during the menstrual cycle).

Compliance with these simple rules will protect you from further treatment of the disease.